Utilisation of steelmaking waste gases in solid oxide cell technology: opportunities, challenges and future directions

Michal Czachor; Christian Laycock; Alan Guwy

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134619

Utilisation of steelmaking waste gases in solid oxide cell technology: opportunities, challenges and future directions

Michal Czachor, Christian Laycock^*, Alan Guwy

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

This review investigates the potential of utilising steelmaking waste gases, specifically coke oven gas (COG) and blast furnace gas (BFG), in solid oxide cell (SOC) technology. It is shown that SOCs, which operate in fuel cell or electrolysis modes, offer promising pathways for energy recovery and chemical production from these underutilised byproducts. COG, with its high methane and hydrogen content, presents significant opportunities for power generation and hydrogen production, while the high CO₂ and CO concentrations of BFG make it more suitable for electrolysis applications. Key challenges, such as carbon deposition, sulfur poisoning and tar contamination, are discussed alongside strategies for mitigation. This review highlights the opportunities and challenges of integrating SOC technology with steelmaking processes, offering insights into future research directions to optimise the reuse of COG and BFG for sustainable steel production.

Original language	English
Article number	134619
Number of pages	13
Journal	Fuel
Volume	389
Early online date	8 Feb 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134619
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 8 Feb 2025

Keywords

Blast furnace gas
Carbon deposition
Coke oven gas
Industrial waste gas utilisation
Solid oxide electrolysis cells
Solid oxide fuel cells

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10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134619Licence: CC BY

Version of Record with a CC BY LicenceFinal published version, 2.04 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Utilisation of steelmaking waste gases in solid oxide cell technology: opportunities, challenges and future directions",

abstract = "This review investigates the potential of utilising steelmaking waste gases, specifically coke oven gas (COG) and blast furnace gas (BFG), in solid oxide cell (SOC) technology. It is shown that SOCs, which operate in fuel cell or electrolysis modes, offer promising pathways for energy recovery and chemical production from these underutilised byproducts. COG, with its high methane and hydrogen content, presents significant opportunities for power generation and hydrogen production, while the high CO₂ and CO concentrations of BFG make it more suitable for electrolysis applications. Key challenges, such as carbon deposition, sulfur poisoning and tar contamination, are discussed alongside strategies for mitigation. This review highlights the opportunities and challenges of integrating SOC technology with steelmaking processes, offering insights into future research directions to optimise the reuse of COG and BFG for sustainable steel production.",

keywords = "Blast furnace gas, Carbon deposition, Coke oven gas, Industrial waste gas utilisation, Solid oxide electrolysis cells, Solid oxide fuel cells",

author = "Michal Czachor and Christian Laycock and Alan Guwy",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Utilisation of steelmaking waste gases in solid oxide cell technology: opportunities, challenges and future directions

AU - Czachor, Michal

AU - Laycock, Christian

AU - Guwy, Alan

PY - 2025/2/8

Y1 - 2025/2/8

N2 - This review investigates the potential of utilising steelmaking waste gases, specifically coke oven gas (COG) and blast furnace gas (BFG), in solid oxide cell (SOC) technology. It is shown that SOCs, which operate in fuel cell or electrolysis modes, offer promising pathways for energy recovery and chemical production from these underutilised byproducts. COG, with its high methane and hydrogen content, presents significant opportunities for power generation and hydrogen production, while the high CO₂ and CO concentrations of BFG make it more suitable for electrolysis applications. Key challenges, such as carbon deposition, sulfur poisoning and tar contamination, are discussed alongside strategies for mitigation. This review highlights the opportunities and challenges of integrating SOC technology with steelmaking processes, offering insights into future research directions to optimise the reuse of COG and BFG for sustainable steel production.

AB - This review investigates the potential of utilising steelmaking waste gases, specifically coke oven gas (COG) and blast furnace gas (BFG), in solid oxide cell (SOC) technology. It is shown that SOCs, which operate in fuel cell or electrolysis modes, offer promising pathways for energy recovery and chemical production from these underutilised byproducts. COG, with its high methane and hydrogen content, presents significant opportunities for power generation and hydrogen production, while the high CO₂ and CO concentrations of BFG make it more suitable for electrolysis applications. Key challenges, such as carbon deposition, sulfur poisoning and tar contamination, are discussed alongside strategies for mitigation. This review highlights the opportunities and challenges of integrating SOC technology with steelmaking processes, offering insights into future research directions to optimise the reuse of COG and BFG for sustainable steel production.

KW - Blast furnace gas

KW - Carbon deposition

KW - Coke oven gas

KW - Industrial waste gas utilisation

KW - Solid oxide electrolysis cells

KW - Solid oxide fuel cells

U2 - 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134619

DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134619

M3 - Review article

SN - 0016-2361

VL - 389

JO - Fuel

JF - Fuel

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ER -