Ultra-High Sensitivity Terahertz Microstructured Fiber Biosensor for Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease Marker Detection

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) are among top causes of patient health issues and fatalities in many countries. At present, terahertz biosensors have been widely used to detect chronic diseases because of their accurate detection, fast operation, flexible design and easy fabrication. In this paper, a Zeonex-based microstructured fiber (MSF) biosensor is proposed for detecting DM and CHD markers by adopting a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system. A suspended hollow-core structure with a square core and a hexagonal cladding is used, which enhances the interaction of terahertz waves with targeted markers and reduces the loss. This work focuses on simulating the transmission performance of the proposed MSF sensor by using a finite element method and incorporating a perfectly matched layer as the absorption boundary. The simulation results show that this MSF biosensor exhibits an ultra-high relative sensitivity, especially up to 100.35% at 2.2THz, when detecting DM and CHD markers. Furthermore, for different concentrations of disease markers, the MSF exhibits significant differences in effective material loss, which can effectively improve clinical diagnostic accuracy and clearly distinguish the extent of the disease. This MSF biosensor is simple to fabricate by 3D printing and extrusion technologies, and is expected to provide a convenient and capable tool for rapid biomedical diagnosis.