Redefining Reality in Political Propaganda: Exploring the Impact of Superimposed Deepfakes in Misinformation Campaigns

In an era characterized by the rampant dissemination of misinformation, the advent of superimposed deepfakes marks a troubling development in media manipulation. The realms of social media, news outlets, and political arenas have transformed into battlegrounds where the lines between fact and fiction are increasingly blurred. This research endeavors to delve into the far-reaching social, technological, and political implications of deepfakes within misinformation campaigns, elucidating the potential adverse aspects of this emerging technology. Employing a comprehensive mixed-methods methodological approach, this study conducts a primary survey targeting individuals susceptible to disinformation. This chapter sheds light on the challenges associated with recognizing superimposed deepfakes and explores opportunities to implement regulatory measures that can mitigate the detrimental repercussions of such media. In addition to the survey, a systematic literature review is meticulously conducted to gain crucial insights into the contextual impact of superimposed deepfakes. This review also delves into the individualistic motives behind the stark reality of these deceptive media forms. Furthermore, this research includes an elaborate discussion of the criteria guiding the systematic literature review methodology. By amalgamating the diverse perspectives garnered from the survey with findings from the literature review, the analysis identifies trends and patterns, providing nuanced suggestions. Consequently, this chapter aims to not only analyze and evaluate the current discourse on digital literacy, media ethics, and technology but also to construct a robust policy framework. This framework seeks to address and mitigate the risks associated with the weaponization of deepfake technology in both political and social contexts.