Abstract
This study investigates cold case homicides in Punjab, Pakistan, focusing on cold homicides reported between 2014 and 2021, analysing their spatial and temporal patterns, correlating factors, and investigative practices. Using quantitative data obtained directly from Punjab Police records, 3,387 homicide cases were registered, including 599 absolute cold case homicides and 1,122 under investigation. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping revealed significant spatial disparities: urban centres such as Lahore, Faisalabad, and Gujranwala showed high concentrations, while rural areas had scattered but impactful cases. Population density strongly correlated with case distribution, though other socio-structural factors also influenced trends. The Punjab Police’s clearance rate was 44%, with limited use of forensic science and reliance on traditional investigative methods. The study also examines cancelled homicides and the theoretical frameworks underpinning investigative strategies. Findings highlight the need for targeted, data-driven interventions, greater forensic capacity, and policy reforms to improve the homicide detection rate and deliver justice.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 116-130 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| Publication status | Published - 31 Aug 2025 |
Keywords
- Punjab Police
- Cold Case Homicide
- quantitative analysis
- Translational Criminology
- Detection Rate
- Population Density
