New challenges in public order policing: the professionalisation of environmental protest and the emergence of the militant environmental activist

Timothy John, Mark Button, Nigel Brearley

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    Abstract

    Over the last decade there have been significant changes in the nature of protest which have posed new challenges to policing organisations. This article using the case of environmental
    protest charts the changing nature of protest and using a new typology identifies a new form of protester that has been termed the Militant Environmental Activist. The characteristics and
    innovative tactics used by these activists are examined and it is argued that they amount to a ‘professionalisation’ of protest. The article then moves on to highlight the ‘fragmented’ policing structure that has evolved to tackle these activists encompassing both public, ‘hybrid’ and private policing agencies. Finally, the article briefly examines some of the strategies these
    policing agencies are developing to combat these new challenges
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)17-32
    Number of pages15
    JournalInternational Journal of the Sociology of Law
    Volume30
    Issue number1
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2002

    Keywords

    • Policing
    • Environmental protest
    • private security
    • Militant environmental activist

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