Electromagnetic bandgap backed millimeter-wave MIMO antenna for wearable applications

Amjad Iqbal; Abdul Basir; Amor Smida; Nazih Khaddaj Mallat; Issa Elfergani; Jonathan Rodriguez; Sunghwan Kim

doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933913

Electromagnetic bandgap backed millimeter-wave MIMO antenna for wearable applications

Amjad Iqbal, Abdul Basir, Amor Smida, Nazih Khaddaj Mallat, Issa Elfergani, Jonathan Rodriguez, Sunghwan Kim

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Abstract

A millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna operating at 24 GHz (ISM band), suitable for wearable applications, is proposed in this paper. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two elements, designed with an edge-to-edge distance of 5.14 mm, backed by a 5×5 cell electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure. The antenna is fabricated on a flexible Rogers 6002 material (∈r D 2.94, tanδ D 0.0012, thickness D 0.254 mm). The proposed antenna retains its performance when bent along the x-axis and y-axis. The performance of the antenna in term of s-parameters and radiation properties is studied in free space as well as on a human phantom. Good impedance matching of the antenna at the resonating frequency (24 GHz) is observed when it is bent and when worn on the body. The introduction of the EBG improves the gain by 1.9 dBi, reduces the backward radiation by 8 dB, reduces the power density on the back towards the body from > 200 W/m2 to < 10 W/m2, and also enhances the 10 dB bandwidth by 100 MHz. The antenna possesses a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.24, high diversity gain (DG) of 9.7 dB, reasonable multiplexing efficiency of -0:684 dB and a good peak gain of 6 dBi at 24 GHz. The proposed antenna is suitable for wearable applications at mm-Wave range due to its simple geometry and good performance in bending and on-body worn scenarios.

Original language	English
Article number	8792051
Pages (from-to)	111135-111144
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE Access
Volume	7
Early online date	8 Aug 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933913
Publication status	Published - 29 Aug 2019
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

MIMO
Mm-Wave antenna
On-body antenna
S-parameters.
Wearable antenna

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10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933913Licence: CC BY

Version of Record with a CC BY LicenceFinal published version, 2.5 MBLicence: CC BY

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@article{63f612124358496e8b716e7402185b09,

title = "Electromagnetic bandgap backed millimeter-wave MIMO antenna for wearable applications",

abstract = "A millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna operating at 24 GHz (ISM band), suitable for wearable applications, is proposed in this paper. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two elements, designed with an edge-to-edge distance of 5.14 mm, backed by a 5×5 cell electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure. The antenna is fabricated on a flexible Rogers 6002 material (∈r D 2.94, tanδ D 0.0012, thickness D 0.254 mm). The proposed antenna retains its performance when bent along the x-axis and y-axis. The performance of the antenna in term of s-parameters and radiation properties is studied in free space as well as on a human phantom. Good impedance matching of the antenna at the resonating frequency (24 GHz) is observed when it is bent and when worn on the body. The introduction of the EBG improves the gain by 1.9 dBi, reduces the backward radiation by 8 dB, reduces the power density on the back towards the body from > 200 W/m2 to < 10 W/m2, and also enhances the 10 dB bandwidth by 100 MHz. The antenna possesses a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.24, high diversity gain (DG) of 9.7 dB, reasonable multiplexing efficiency of -0:684 dB and a good peak gain of 6 dBi at 24 GHz. The proposed antenna is suitable for wearable applications at mm-Wave range due to its simple geometry and good performance in bending and on-body worn scenarios.",

keywords = "MIMO, Mm-Wave antenna, On-body antenna, S-parameters., Wearable antenna",

author = "Amjad Iqbal and Abdul Basir and Amor Smida and Mallat, {Nazih Khaddaj} and Issa Elfergani and Jonathan Rodriguez and Sunghwan Kim",

note = "Funding Information: 1Centre for Wireless Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 15588, South Korea 3Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia 4Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Unit of Research in High Frequency Electronic Circuits and Systems, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia 5College of Engineering, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates 6Instituto de Telecomunica{\c c}{\~o}es, Campus Universit{\'a}rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal 7Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea under Grant NRF-2016R1D1A1B03934653 and Grant NRF-2019R1A2C1005920, and in part by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University under Project RGP-2019-32. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.",

year = "2019",

month = aug,

day = "29",

doi = "10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933913",

language = "English",

volume = "7",

pages = "111135--111144",

journal = "IEEE Access",

issn = "2169-3536",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Electromagnetic bandgap backed millimeter-wave MIMO antenna for wearable applications

AU - Iqbal, Amjad

AU - Basir, Abdul

AU - Smida, Amor

AU - Mallat, Nazih Khaddaj

AU - Elfergani, Issa

AU - Rodriguez, Jonathan

AU - Kim, Sunghwan

N1 - Funding Information: 1Centre for Wireless Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 15588, South Korea 3Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia 4Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Unit of Research in High Frequency Electronic Circuits and Systems, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia 5College of Engineering, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates 6Instituto de Telecomunicações, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal 7Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea under Grant NRF-2016R1D1A1B03934653 and Grant NRF-2019R1A2C1005920, and in part by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University under Project RGP-2019-32. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.

PY - 2019/8/29

Y1 - 2019/8/29

N2 - A millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna operating at 24 GHz (ISM band), suitable for wearable applications, is proposed in this paper. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two elements, designed with an edge-to-edge distance of 5.14 mm, backed by a 5×5 cell electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure. The antenna is fabricated on a flexible Rogers 6002 material (∈r D 2.94, tanδ D 0.0012, thickness D 0.254 mm). The proposed antenna retains its performance when bent along the x-axis and y-axis. The performance of the antenna in term of s-parameters and radiation properties is studied in free space as well as on a human phantom. Good impedance matching of the antenna at the resonating frequency (24 GHz) is observed when it is bent and when worn on the body. The introduction of the EBG improves the gain by 1.9 dBi, reduces the backward radiation by 8 dB, reduces the power density on the back towards the body from > 200 W/m2 to < 10 W/m2, and also enhances the 10 dB bandwidth by 100 MHz. The antenna possesses a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.24, high diversity gain (DG) of 9.7 dB, reasonable multiplexing efficiency of -0:684 dB and a good peak gain of 6 dBi at 24 GHz. The proposed antenna is suitable for wearable applications at mm-Wave range due to its simple geometry and good performance in bending and on-body worn scenarios.

AB - A millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna operating at 24 GHz (ISM band), suitable for wearable applications, is proposed in this paper. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two elements, designed with an edge-to-edge distance of 5.14 mm, backed by a 5×5 cell electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure. The antenna is fabricated on a flexible Rogers 6002 material (∈r D 2.94, tanδ D 0.0012, thickness D 0.254 mm). The proposed antenna retains its performance when bent along the x-axis and y-axis. The performance of the antenna in term of s-parameters and radiation properties is studied in free space as well as on a human phantom. Good impedance matching of the antenna at the resonating frequency (24 GHz) is observed when it is bent and when worn on the body. The introduction of the EBG improves the gain by 1.9 dBi, reduces the backward radiation by 8 dB, reduces the power density on the back towards the body from > 200 W/m2 to < 10 W/m2, and also enhances the 10 dB bandwidth by 100 MHz. The antenna possesses a low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.24, high diversity gain (DG) of 9.7 dB, reasonable multiplexing efficiency of -0:684 dB and a good peak gain of 6 dBi at 24 GHz. The proposed antenna is suitable for wearable applications at mm-Wave range due to its simple geometry and good performance in bending and on-body worn scenarios.

KW - MIMO

KW - Mm-Wave antenna

KW - On-body antenna

KW - S-parameters.

KW - Wearable antenna

U2 - 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933913

DO - 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933913

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85073326540

SN - 2169-3536

VL - 7

SP - 111135

EP - 111144

JO - IEEE Access

JF - IEEE Access

M1 - 8792051

ER -

Electromagnetic bandgap backed millimeter-wave MIMO antenna for wearable applications

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