Cultural models and variation

This chapter provides the models and variation of culture. Specifically, the following concepts will be introduced: an understanding of the original of culture and how culture is studies in the academic field; the most influential culture theories which are adapted in business and management research. A detailed exploration on the methodology, dimensions, and implications of each model will be provided. An understanding of culture’s impact on manufacturing systems which stems from traditional factory-based model to inter-firm network with the increase of collaboration in globalization is given Some understanding of culture’s variation in the fast growing inter-firm collaboration with case observations are also elucidated.