TY - JOUR
T1 - Robust, Resilient and Reliable Architecture for V2X Communications
AU - Awais, Muhammad
AU - Busari, Sherif
AU - Huq, Kazi Mohammed Saidul
AU - Dagiuklas, Tasos
AU - Mumtaz, Shahid
AU - Rodriguez, Jonathan
AU - Iqbal, Muddesar
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received June 2, 2020; revised December 6, 2020 and March 5, 2021; accepted April 27, 2021. Date of publication June 16, 2021; date of current version July 12, 2021. This work was supported in part by the Instituto de Telecomunicações-Aveiro, in part by the National Funds through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal), and in part by the European Commission H2020 Program through the 5GENESIS Project under Agreement 815178 and through the 5GACE Project under Agreement MSCA-IF-2018-839573. The Associate Editor for this article was A. Jolfaei. (Corresponding author: Muhammad Awais Khan.) Muhammad Awais Khan, Sherif Adeshina Busari, and Shahid Mumtaz are with the Instituto de Telecomunicações, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal (e-mail: jadoon.awais@av.it.pt; sherifbusari@av.it.pt; smumtaz@av.it.pt).
Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the Instituto de Telecomunica??es-Aveiro, in part by the National Funds through FCT-Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal), and in part by the European Commission H2020 Program through the 5GENESIS Project under Agreement 815178 and through the 5GACE Project under Agreement MSCA-IF-2018-839573.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2000-2011 IEEE.
PY - 2021/6/16
Y1 - 2021/6/16
N2 - The new developments in mobile edge computing (MEC) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications has positioned 5G and beyond in a strong position to answer the market need towards future emerging intelligent transportation systems and smart city applications. The major attractive features of V2X communication is the inherent ability to adapt to any type of network, device, or data, and to ensure robustness, resilience and reliability of the network, which is challenging to realize. In this work, we propose to drive further these features by proposing a novel robust, resilient and reliable architecture for V2X communication based on harnessing MEC and blockchain technology. A three stage computing service is proposed. Firstly, a hierarchical computing architecture is deployed spanning over the vehicular network that constitutes cloud computing (CC), edge computing (EC), fog computing (FC) nodes. The resources and data bases can migrate from the high capacity cloud services (furthest away from the individual node of the network) to the edge (medium) and low level fog node, according to computing service requirements. Secondly, the resource allocation filters the data according to its significance, and rank the nodes according to their usability, and selects the network technology according to their physical channel characteristics. Thirdly, we propose a blockchain-based transaction service that ensures reliability. We discussed two use cases for experimental analysis, plug-in electric vehicles in smart grid scenarios, and massive IoT data services for autonomous cars. The results show that car connectivity prediction is accurate 98% of the times, where 92% more data blocks are added using micro-blockchain solution compared to the public blockchain, where it is able to reduce the time to sign and compute the proof-of-work (PoW), and deliver a low-overhead Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. This approach can be considered a strong candidate architecture for future V2X, and with more general application for everything-to-everything (X2X) communications.
AB - The new developments in mobile edge computing (MEC) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications has positioned 5G and beyond in a strong position to answer the market need towards future emerging intelligent transportation systems and smart city applications. The major attractive features of V2X communication is the inherent ability to adapt to any type of network, device, or data, and to ensure robustness, resilience and reliability of the network, which is challenging to realize. In this work, we propose to drive further these features by proposing a novel robust, resilient and reliable architecture for V2X communication based on harnessing MEC and blockchain technology. A three stage computing service is proposed. Firstly, a hierarchical computing architecture is deployed spanning over the vehicular network that constitutes cloud computing (CC), edge computing (EC), fog computing (FC) nodes. The resources and data bases can migrate from the high capacity cloud services (furthest away from the individual node of the network) to the edge (medium) and low level fog node, according to computing service requirements. Secondly, the resource allocation filters the data according to its significance, and rank the nodes according to their usability, and selects the network technology according to their physical channel characteristics. Thirdly, we propose a blockchain-based transaction service that ensures reliability. We discussed two use cases for experimental analysis, plug-in electric vehicles in smart grid scenarios, and massive IoT data services for autonomous cars. The results show that car connectivity prediction is accurate 98% of the times, where 92% more data blocks are added using micro-blockchain solution compared to the public blockchain, where it is able to reduce the time to sign and compute the proof-of-work (PoW), and deliver a low-overhead Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. This approach can be considered a strong candidate architecture for future V2X, and with more general application for everything-to-everything (X2X) communications.
KW - 5G
KW - Architecture
KW - blockchain
KW - cyber-physical systems
KW - reliable
KW - resilient
KW - robust
KW - smart grids
KW - vehicle-to-everything
KW - vehicular sensor networks
U2 - 10.1109/tits.2021.3084519
DO - 10.1109/tits.2021.3084519
M3 - Article
VL - 22
SP - 4414
EP - 4430
JO - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
SN - 1524-9050
IS - 7
M1 - 9457189
ER -