Organic Light Emitting Diode Structure

An organic light emitting diode (OLED) having an organic electroluminescent layer formed between a first electrode and a second electrode. One of the first and second electrodes is a transparent electrode having a surface through which light is emitted from the OLED to the outside. The transparent electrode has a plasmonic photonic crystal structure fabricated having an artificial lattice with a pitch in density variation intermediate in size between a metallic crystal and a photonic crystal formed in the same material as the transparent electrode, thereby operable to suppress propagation of the surface plasmon polaritons at the surface.