TY - JOUR
T1 - 3D printed elastomeric polyurethane: Viscoelastic experimental characterisations and constitutive modelling with nonlinear viscosity functions
AU - Hossaina, Mokarram
AU - Navaratne, Rukshan
AU - Perić, Djordje
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors sincerely appreciate Colleges of Engineering at Swansea University and University of South Wales, UK for supporting this work with the Internal Grant Scheme (SURGE) and Impact Research Funding Scheme (IRFS), respectively.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/11
Y1 - 2020/11
N2 - Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) technology creates ample opportunities for making 3D printed soft polymers for a wide range of grades and properties. In DLS, a 3D printer uses a continuous building technique in which the curing process is activated by an ultra-violet (UV) light. In this contribution, EUP40, a recently invented commercially available elastomeric polyurethane (EPU) printed by the DLS technology, is experimentally characterized. For characterizing the mechanical properties, an extensive viscoelastic experimental study on the digitally printed EPU taking the strain rate-dependence are conducted. The study reveals a significant time-dependency on its mechanical responses. Moreover, the material demonstrates noticeable nonlinear viscosities that depend on strain and strain rates. Based on the experimental findings for the printed elastomer, a large strain viscoelastic model is devised where evolution laws are enhanced by strain and strain rate-dependent nonlinear viscosities. Following identifications of relevant material parameters, we validate the model with the experimental data that show its good predictability. Such an extensive experimental study along with a constitutive model will help in designing and simulating more complex cellular and structured metamaterials using 3D printed elastomeric polyurethanes.
AB - Digital Light Synthesis (DLS) technology creates ample opportunities for making 3D printed soft polymers for a wide range of grades and properties. In DLS, a 3D printer uses a continuous building technique in which the curing process is activated by an ultra-violet (UV) light. In this contribution, EUP40, a recently invented commercially available elastomeric polyurethane (EPU) printed by the DLS technology, is experimentally characterized. For characterizing the mechanical properties, an extensive viscoelastic experimental study on the digitally printed EPU taking the strain rate-dependence are conducted. The study reveals a significant time-dependency on its mechanical responses. Moreover, the material demonstrates noticeable nonlinear viscosities that depend on strain and strain rates. Based on the experimental findings for the printed elastomer, a large strain viscoelastic model is devised where evolution laws are enhanced by strain and strain rate-dependent nonlinear viscosities. Following identifications of relevant material parameters, we validate the model with the experimental data that show its good predictability. Such an extensive experimental study along with a constitutive model will help in designing and simulating more complex cellular and structured metamaterials using 3D printed elastomeric polyurethanes.
KW - Digital Light Synthesis (DLS)
KW - Elastomeric Polyurethane (EPU)
KW - 3D printing
KW - Additive
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2020.103546
DO - 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2020.103546
M3 - Article
VL - 126
JO - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
JF - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
SN - 0020-7462
M1 - 103546
ER -